G36

       The G36 assault rifle was designed to replace the G3 battle rifle by Heckler and Koch, in early 1990, and was accepted into service in 1997. 

      The G36 uses the 5.56 x45 mm NATO bullet, it is gas operated and is feed from a 30 round box magazine, or a 100 round c-mag drum magazine. 
      The G36 is a selective fire assualt rifle firing from a closed rotary bolt.  It has a modular design and a conventional layout. 

     The fire and safety selector has controls on both sides of receiver, and its letters are described as S-safe (sicher), E- semi-auto fire (Einzelfeuer) and F- Continuous fire (Feuerstoss). Thw weapon safety disables the trigger when engaged. 

     The G36 feeds from 30 round curved round magazine, with staggered pattern loaded rounds, the magazines are made from high-strength transulent polymer, and can be clipped together using built-in coupling studs, into 2-3 magazine packs (jungle style) for rapid magazine changes, the G36 can also use beta c-drum magazine carrying 100 rounds, this magazine was intended for MG36 support weapon. 

       The rifle can be fitted with 40 mm under barrel AG36 grenade launcher which is breach loaded break-action weapon with side tilting barrel. 

      There are various variants of standard G36. 

  G36v: Previously known as the G36e export, this is the standard export variant of the G36 that has all the features of G36 standard, except the optical sight configurations. 

 
   MG36: Its the light machine gun version of G36, with heavier barrel and increased heat and cook off resistance, The MG36 are no longer available. 

  G36k: It is the carbine variant of the G36 rifle, with a shorter barrel, with rails on the hand guard to attach accessories, it does not support bayonets. The G36k is in service of German special forces, and it comes with two options eighter with a 3x scope or iron sights. 

  G36c: C stands for compact but is often mistaken as commando. This sub-carbine variant of G36 rifle has even shorter barrel then G36k with 4 open type flash hiders. The hand guard has 4 integrated picatanny rails and the optical scopes are replaced with deattachable iron sights. 

  There are other sporting variants of G36 that can be used in sporting compitions. How ever above are the most importent ones.



  

M4

       The M4 carbine is a family of assault rifles derived from M16  rifles, which in turn was derived from AR15 rifles. 
The M4 is a shorter and lighter version of M16A2  assault rifle, its gas-operated, magazine feed, selective fire weapon with telescopic sight and it has 370mm barrel to ease in close combat situations.

       Like the rest of  M16 family it uses 5.56 mm ammo. The M4 is a selective fire weapon with semi-auto and three round brusts mode, while M4A1 has semi-auto and full-auto firing modes. The carbine is also capable of mounting M203 grenade launcher.

      
       The M4 is heavily employed by many militaries through out the world, and it will eventually replace the M16 assault rifles. 

      Like all other variants of M16, the M4 and M4A1 can use all kinds of accessories like lazer sights, telescopic sights, red dot sights, fore grip, night vision devices, bi-pods, M203, M320, M26 MASS shotgun, ACOG sights, holographic sight, visible and IR lights and anything attachable to picatinny rails. 

     The M4 uses direct gas impingment gas operated mechanism, giving 700-950 rounds per minute (cyclic), it has muzzle velocity of 880 m/s, giving effective range of 500-600 meters.
     Its default is 30 round box magazine but various other STANAG magazines can also be used.





      

M16

       The M-16 is a selective fire adaptation of AR-15 used by US military, it can be adopted to use semi-auto and fully-auto firing modes. 

       The M-16 is a light weight, air cooled, gas operated, magazine feed, with rotated bolt, which is actuated by direct gas impingment, It uses 5.56 x 45 mm NATO bullet, and is made of steel, 7075 aluminium alloy, composite fibers and polymer materials. 

M-16A1

 The M-16 rifle was first deployed in jungle warfare operations in south Vietnam, but became standard service rifle of Vietnam war by 1969, replacing M-14 rifle. It is also used my many other militaries all around the world, this makes it the most mass produced weapon of its caliber. 

M-16 A2

       The M-16a2 was developed on the request of USMC, with a few modifications to M-16a1, In M-16a2 the selective fire was changed to semi-auto and three round brust fire mode, an adjustable rear sight, heavier barrel, case deflector for left hand shooters, and cylindrical hand guard. The M-16a2 is still in stock and is used by air-force and some times USMC. 

M-16 A3

      The M-16a3 looks exactly like M-16a2 except its fire control mechanism is back to M-16a1 (semi-auto and fully-auto) selective fires, the M-16a3 is employed only by the Navy and cost guard. 

M-16 A4

     The M-16a4 became the standard weapon for USMC in 2004. it is a flat top receiver, hand-guard with 4 picatanny rails for mounting a sight, lazer, night vision device, M203 grenade launcher, fore grip, removable handle or a flash light. 

     The M-16 gives 12-16 rounds/min in sustained firing, 45-60 rounds/min in semi-auto firing, and 700-950 rounds/min in cyclic shooting. Having muzzle velocity of 3110 ft/s the M-16 can achieve the effective range of 580 m for point target and 820 m for area targets. 

   There are 3 feeding magazines avalable 20 round, 30 round, and a C-mag 100 round double lobed drum.

  

AR15

         The AR-15 is a lightweight assault rifle with a rotating locking bolt, actuated by direct gas impingement gas operation or long/short stroke piston operation.

        The AR-15 has many versions including semi-auto and selective fire variants, most of its components are eighter aluminium alloy and other synthetic materials, which explains its light weight.

        The AR-15 was originally designed by ArmaLite as a small rifle for US armed forces how ever due to financial problems the design was sold to Colt.
       The main working mechanism of the rifle is known as direct gas impingement, the gas is taped directly form the barrel as the bullet moves past the gas port which is located directly under the base of rifle's front sight, the gas then moves through a tube located above the barrel, the gas moves all the way back to the rifle's front receiver. Here this gas is used to push the bolt carrier hence reloading the rifle. 
       This operating mechanism is fundamentally different from the piston operated rifles. 

      
       It uses cartridges .223 remington, 5.56 Nato, 300 whisper, 7.62x35 mm and .22 LR. 
 Giving rate of fire of 800 rounds/min, muzzle velocity of 975 m/s, give effective firing range of 400-600 m. 
It also has various versions of magazines of 20, 30 and 50 rounds.